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📌 Primary and Secondary Physes
✅ Trilaminar Appearance of Primary Physis
- High signal intensity in the resting and hypertrophic zones
- Low signal intensity in the zone of provisional calcification (ZPC)
- High signal intensity in the metaphyseal spongiosa
The secondary physis demonstrates similar characteristics.
✅ Characteristics of Hyaline Cartilage
- Hyaline cartilage, highly cellular (up to 75% by volume), plays a crucial role in endochondral ossification, creating new bone from cartilage.
- The primary physis, a thin disk between the epiphyseal cartilage and metaphysis, is essential for longitudinal bone growth.
- Chondrocytes in the physis are organized in columns parallel to the bone's long axis, originating from the germinal layer at the epiphyseal aspect and progressing toward the metaphysis.
- Here, they proliferate, hypertrophy, and undergo apoptosis, with matrix mineralization occurring in the ZPC.
- Similarly, the secondary ossification center (SOC) enlarges by endochondral ossification, with its germinal layer situated externally and columns arranged radially.
✅ MR Imaging Characteristics
- Primary Physis: Shows a trilaminar appearance (high-low-high signal intensity) at the physis, ZPC, and metaphyseal spongiosa.
- Secondary Ossification Center (SOC): Surrounded by the secondary physis.
- T1-weighted MR Images: All hyaline cartilage has intermediate signal intensity; ZPC has very low signal intensity.
✅ Distinction Among Types of Hyaline Cartilage
- Growth plate cartilage, epiphyseal cartilage, and articular cartilage differ in their locations and signal intensities on fluid-sensitive and contrast-enhanced MR imaging:
- T2-weighted MR Imaging: Articular and growth plate cartilage are more hyperintense compared to epiphyseal cartilage due to organized collagen fibrils and less tightly bound water in growth plate cartilage.
- Contrast-enhanced Imaging: Growth plate cartilage shows earlier and more pronounced enhancement than epiphyseal cartilage.
References
- RadioGraphics 2014; 34:449–471.
- AJR 2012; 199:1121–1128.
- RadioGraphics 2017; 37:1791–1812.
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#PrimaryPhysis, #SecondaryPhysis, #HyalineCartilage, #EndochondralOssification, #MRImaging, #LongitudinalGrowth, #DistalFemur, #GrowthPlateCartilage, #EpiphysealCartilage, #ArticularCartilage
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