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📌 PCL Hyperextension Injury📌
1️⃣Hyperextension Injuries:
- These injuries can lead to contusions of the anterotibial articular surface and the anterior aspect of the femoral condyle.
- Severe hyperextension injuries may also be associated with a tear of the ACL, PCL, posterior capsule, and injuries to the posterolateral or posteromedial corners.
- Reference: Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am 22 (2014) 557–580. Stoller's Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine: The Knee.
2️⃣ External Tibial Rotation and Valgus Moment:
- External tibial rotation causes the force vector to produce a valgus moment.
- This action relatively shortens and unloads the posterolateral corner structures, causing the force vector to be absorbed mostly by the lengthened posteromedial corner structures, which are under higher relative tension.
- The contusion pattern follows the net vector, involving the anterolateral tibia and femur.
- Reference: Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. 2014 Nov;22(4):621-48.
3️⃣ Internal Tibial Rotation and Varus Moment:
- Hyperextension during internal tibial rotation generates a varus moment.
- This shortens and unloads the posteromedial structures and lengthens the posterolateral corner structures, which absorb most of the injury burden.
- The contusion pattern again follows the net vector, usually involving the anteromedial tibia and femur.
- Reference: Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. 2014 Nov;22(4):621-48.
♦️ Rupture of the Meniscotibial Ligament:
- A rupture of the meniscotibial ligament can lead to instability of the meniscus, as this ligament normally keeps the meniscus tightly adhered to the tibia and likely prevents its extrusion.
- When ruptured, the meniscotibial component is associated with pathological mobility of the medial meniscus.
- Reference: Semin Musculoskelet Radiol. 2016 Feb;20(1):12-25. Stoller's Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine: The Knee.
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