📌 Superficial Medial Collateral Ligament (sMCL)
- Band-like structure with one femoral and two tibial attachments
- Measures around 1.5 cm anteroposterior and 9.5 cm long
- Femoral attachment: 3.2 mm proximal, 4.8 mm posterior to medial epicondyle
- Proximal tibial attachment: Blends with distal semimembranosus tendon sheath, 10-12 mm distal to joint line
- Distal tibial attachment: Broad, 6-7 cm below joint line, deep to pes anserinus tendons
✅ Pes Anserinus Tendons
- Sartorius, gracilis, and semitendinosus tendons attach to anteromedial tibia
✅ Importance of sMCL Anatomy
- Recognize subtle Stener-like lesions
- Interposed pes tendons can prevent sMCL healing, leading to chronic valgus instability
📌 Deep Medial Collateral Ligament (dMCL)
- Thickening of medial joint capsule, associated with medial meniscus
- Meniscofemoral portion: Distal femur to medial meniscus
- Meniscotibial portion: Medial meniscus to proximal tibia
- Posterior border blends with central arm of posterior oblique ligament
- Part of Layer 3 (dMCL, posterior oblique ligament, oblique popliteal ligament)
- Distinguishable from sMCL anteriorly, blends posteriorly
✅ MCL Bursitis
- MCL bursa between dMCL and sMCL reduces friction during flexion
- Delineates sMCL and dMCL more clearly
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