🔴 Meniscofemoral Ligaments 🔴
1️⃣ Femoral Bony Landmarks
- The medial intercondylar ridge marks the superior border of the AL and PM bundle origins.
- The medial bifurcate ridge separates the two bundles.
(J Knee Surg. 2021 Apr;34(5):499-508)
2️⃣ Femoral Attachment of the PCL
- The ALB's center is located 7.4 mm from the trochlear point, 11.0 mm from the medial arch point, and 7.9 mm from the distal articular cartilage.
- The PMB femoral attachment center is 11.1 mm from the medial arch point and 10.8 mm from the posterior point of the articular cartilage margin.
- The PMB is bordered by the medial intercondylar ridge proximally, the ALB anteriorly, and the aMFL distally when present.
(Am J Sports Med. 2015 Dec;43(12):3077-92)
3️⃣ PCL Complex
- The PCL is functionally supported by the anterior (Humphrey) and posterior (Wrisberg) meniscofemoral ligaments and the posterolateral corner structures.
- The function of the MFLs is unclear but hypothesized to act as a secondary restraint, forming the PCL complex with the PCL.
(Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. 2022 May;30(2):261-275; Semin Musculoskelet Radiol. 2016 Feb;20(1):43-51)
4️⃣ Meniscofemoral Ligaments (MFLs)
- The anterior and posterior MFL can be observed in 20–75% and 70–100% of knees, respectively, with at least one MFL present in more than 90% of cases.
- On the femoral side, the MFLs attach just proximal (posterior MFL) and distal (anterior MFL) to the PMB's femoral attachment, exhibiting a circular cross-section.
(Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2021 Mar;29(3):672-681)
5️⃣ Meniscofemoral Ligaments Details
- The aMFL femoral attachment varies, with 80% of specimens attaching distally to the PMB and the remaining 20% to the ALB.
- The pMFL has a femoral attachment area of 31 mm², located proximal to the medial intercondylar ridge and PMB, and attaches distally to the posterior horn of the lateral meniscus.
(Am J Sports Med. 2015 Dec;43(12):3077-92)
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